本文為【Spring Boot情境式網站開發指南:使用Spring Data JPA、Spring Security、Spring Web Flow】一書的【 第4章 Criteria API入門】延續,完整範例程式碼可至出版社下載
使用LEFT OUTER JOIN並擷取Employee所有欄位
當JPQL使用以下語句時:
SELECT DISTINCT e FROM Employee e
LEFT OUTER JOIN e.tasks t
對應的Criteria API用法如下:
@Test
public void Criteria_LeftJoin1() {
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery sql = cb.createQuery(Employee.class);
Root emp = sql.from(Employee.class);
emp.join(Employee_.tasks, JoinType.LEFT);
sql.select(emp)
.distinct(true);
TypedQuery typedQuery = em.createQuery(sql);
List resultList = typedQuery.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
assertThat(resultList, containsInAnyOrder(
employee1, employee2,
employee3, employee4));
assertThat(resultList, hasSize(4));
}
說明:
emp.join(Employee_.tasks, JoinType.LEFT);等價於Employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN e.tasks t。方法join()未指定JoinType時預設為JoinType.INNER。本例為LEFT JOIN,需指定JoinType.LEFT。
使用LEFT OUTER JOIN擷取Employee的name與Task的description欄位
承前例,但查詢的欄位改為「e.name, t.name」。當JPQL使用以下語句時:
SELECT DISTINCT e.name, t.name
FROM Employee e
LEFT OUTER JOIN e.tasks t
對應的Criteria API用法如下:
@Test
public void Criteria_LeftJoin2() {
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery sql = cb.createTupleQuery();
Root emp = sql.from(Employee.class);
Join task = emp.join(Employee_.tasks, JoinType.LEFT);
// task.on(cb.equal(task.get(Task_.name), "Denise"));
sql.select(cb.tuple(emp.get(Employee_.name).alias("employeeName"),
task.get(Task_.name).alias("supervisor")))
.distinct(true);
TypedQuery typedQuery = em.createQuery(sql);
List resultList = typedQuery.getResultList();
List rows = resultList.stream()
.map(t -> t.get("employeeName", String.class) + ", " +
t.get("supervisor", String.class))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
rows.forEach(System.out::println);
em.close();
assertThat(rows, containsInAnyOrder(
"Tim, Mike",
"Tim, Denise",
"Mike, Rose",
"Mike, Mike",
"Jim, Denise",
"Jack, null"));
assertThat(rows, hasSize(6));
/*
assertThat(rows, containsInAnyOrder(
"Jim, Denise",
"Jack, null",
"Mike, null",
"Tim, Denise"));
assertThat(rows, hasSize(4));
*/
}
說明:
因為必須查詢聯結表格Task的欄位,因此建立Join<Employee, Task> task的物件參考指向join()方法執行結果。
可以藉由Join<Employee, Task> task的on()方法限定對聯結表格Task的查詢條件,對應的JPQL子句為「LEFT OUTER JOIN e.tasks t ON t.name='Denise'」。本行若取消comment,將改得到行29-34的結果;或改執行單元測試方方法Criteria_LeftJoinOn()驗證結果。
指定要查詢Task的name欄位。
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