本文為【Spring Boot情境式網站開發指南:使用Spring Data JPA、Spring Security、Spring Web Flow】一書的【 第4章 Criteria API入門】延續,完整範例程式碼可至出版社下載
當JPQL使用以下查詢時:
SELECT e FROM Employee e WHERE e.salary IN (2000.0, 3000.0, 4000.0)對應的Criteria API用法如下:
@Test
public void Criteria_InExpression() {
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery sql = cb.createQuery(Employee.class);
Root emp = sql.from(Employee.class);
Expression salary = emp.get(Employee_.salary);
Expression inExp = salary.in(2000.0, 3000.0, 4000.0);
sql.select(emp).where(inExp);
TypedQuery typedQuery = em.createQuery(sql);
List resultList = typedQuery.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
em.close();
assertThat(resultList,
containsInAnyOrder(employee1, employee2, employee3));
assertThat(resultList, hasSize(3));
}
行7: 建立欄位表示式物件Expression<Double> salary = emp.get(Employee_.salary);行8:
呼叫Expression<Double>物件的in()方法,允許傳入個數變動的Double物件,本例為in(2000.0, 3000.0, 4000.0),並回傳Expression<Boolean>物件,將作為where()方法的輸入參數。
使用NOT IN於字面字串常量群組
當JPQL使用以下查詢時:SELECT e FROM Employee e WHERE e.name NOT IN ('Jim', 'Rose')
對應的Criteria API用法如下:public void Criteria_NotInExpression() {
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery sql = cb.createQuery(Employee.class);
Root emp = sql.from(Employee.class);
sql.select(emp) .where( emp.get(Employee_.name).in("Jim", "Rose").not() );
TypedQuery typedQuery = em.createQuery(sql);
List resultList = typedQuery.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
em.close();
assertThat(resultList, containsInAnyOrder(employee3, employee4));
assertThat(resultList, hasSize(2));
}
行6:承前單元測試方法Criteria_InExpression(),本例不在刻意建立欄位表示式物件Expression<String>,與呼叫in()方法後回傳的Expression<Boolean>物件,直接將兩者合併傳入方法where()中:where( emp.get(Employee_.name).in("Jim", "Rose").not() );並在in()方法後再呼叫not()方法,表示否定:NOT IN。
使用IN於命名變數
當JPQL使用以下查詢時:Query query = em.createQuery( "SELECT e FROM Employee e WHERE e.dept IN :deptNames"); query.setParameter("deptNames", Arrays.asList("IT", "Sales", "HR"));對應的Criteria API用法如下:
@Test
public void Criteria_ParameterExpression() {
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery sql = cb.createQuery(Employee.class);
Root emp = sql.from(Employee.class);
ParameterExpression deptParam =
cb.parameter(Collection.class, "deptNames");
sql.select(emp) .where(emp.get(Employee_.dept).in(deptParam));
TypedQuery typedQuery = em.createQuery(sql);
typedQuery.setParameter("deptNames", Arrays.asList("IT", "Sales", "HR"));
List resultList = typedQuery.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
em.close();
assertThat(resultList, containsInAnyOrder(employee1, employee2, employee4));
assertThat(resultList, hasSize(3));
}
【說明】行7-8:
以ParameterExpression<Collection>建立欄位dept的命名變數物件參考「deptParam」,其名稱為「deptNames」,注意參數型態為Collection。行9:
欄位emp.get(Employee_.dept)的限定條件為in(deptParam);
行11:
以TypedQuery的setParameter()方法指定命名變數deptNames並傳入Collection物件Arrays.asList("IT", "Sales", "HR")作為參數值。
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